Yongli Wang, Steve Hung Lam Yim, Yuanjian Yang, Cory W. Morin, The effect of urbanization and climate change on the mosquito population in the Pearl River Delta region of China, International Journal of Biometeorology, 10.1007/s00484-019-01837-4, (2019). Please try again later. (2020). Meeting opportunities and challenges: Realising high-quality urban ... critical phase of moving towards high-quality growth. March 25, 2019 Canton, China, Great Bay, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Macao, megalopolis, metropolis, metropolitan areas, Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen, urbanization. The above graphic from CSIS China Power Project tracks China’s exports of rare earth metals in 2019, providing a glimpse of the country’s dominating presence in the global supply chain. Chennai, India has 657 cameras per square kilometer, making it the number one city in the world in terms of surveillance. At the close of the 20th century, Hong Kong was the undisputed economic powerhouse of the region. This map reveals the top surveillance cities worldwide in terms of the prevalence of CCTV cameras. ... As of 24 May 2019 PRD Pearl River Delta TWM Total Water Management In India, on the other hand, the amount of cameras can be attributed to mass urbanization, rising crime, and scarcity of urban resources. The effect of urbanization and climate change on the mosquito population in the Pearl River Delta region of China. SOURCES: Selected Statistical Yearbooks for subregions of Pearl River Delta, 1980–1995. Which cities have the most CCTV cameras? Human Dynamics in Smart Cities, Springer, pp. —Gao Fengping et al., 2019, in a report funded by the Chinese government via Horizon Advisory. Visualizing the Human Impact on the Earth’s Surface. 1511-1526. Shenzhen was an unassuming town of 30,000 people – with only one functioning taxi – and China was still very much a communist, rural country. Japan and the U.S. are by far the largest importers, collectively accounting for more than two-thirds of China’s rare earth metals exports. 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Most moved temporarily into coastal regions such as the Pearl River Delta. work elsewhere in China. Between the Past and Future: The Transformation of the Pearl River Delta examines the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and its spatial transformation from 1370 to present. New North American refining facilities are being set up to tackle this, but the challenge lies in managing the environmental impacts of processing rare earths. Wang Y(1), Yim SHL(2)(3)(4), Yang Y(1), Morin CW(5). Join the 220,000+ subscribers who receive our daily email, 50 Years of Gaming History, by Revenue Stream (1970-2020). It is a landscape of making and distribution driven by the Special Economic Zone (SEZ)/Special Administrative Region (SAR) pairing of Shenzhen and Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta itself: a resource rich landscape with direct connections to the world’s markets. Yongli Wang, Steve Hung Lam Yim, Yuanjian Yang, Cory W. Morin, The effect of urbanization and climate change on the mosquito population in the Pearl River Delta region of China, International Journal of Biometeorology, 10.1007/s00484-019-01837-4, (2019). For example, the Chinese city of Taiyuan has roughly 120 cameras per every thousand people and yet the city has a higher crime index than most. But mining is merely one piece of the puzzle. The explosive growth the Pearl River Delta has upended the regional balance of power. Hong Kong is no longer a separate entity, and its GDP represents a mere 3% of China’s. The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRD) is one of the three major urban agglomerations in China and is the most economically active and urbanized region. In fact, it only took us 79 years to go from one camera to nearly one billion of these devices. Dr Lee, who holds a PhD Degree in Urban Planning ... leaks, while the growing population adds to demand, with their high usage likely encouraged by low prices. Oops. In fact, just prior to the handover from the United Kingdom to China, the city’s economic output was equal to a quarter of China’s entire GDP. Figure 1.Population size of the New York Bay Area urban agglomeration and the Pearl River Delta Bay Area urban agglomeration. In 2019, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Pearl River Delta in mainland China grew by 6.4 percent. Selected the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China as the study area, this work aimed to solve the aforementioned problems by constructing the residential extent extraction index (REEI) and employing the population growth theory and ‘DN density–population density’ model. In China, where each project is more ambitious than the next, it’s only fitting that the world’s largest urban area will be connected by the world’s largest sea crossing. This shift in the regional dynamic is causing trepidation in Hong Kong, where over 90% of the millennial population identifies as “Hong Konger” as opposed to “Chinese”. A 2015 report concluded that, if taken as a single urban area, the zone is the largest such area in the world in both area and population. Given email address is already subscribed, thank you! While governments like China’s claim that having high amounts of surveillance cameras helps reduce crime, the actual data gets messy. Also known as rare earth elements or simply “rare earths”, this group of 17 elements is critical to a number of wide-ranging industries. China’s Pearl River Delta has overtaken Tokyo to become the world’s largest urban area in both size and population, according to a report from the World Bank. Guangzhou will join hands with cities in the Pearl River Delta to participate in the global division of labour and cooperation to build a vibrant global city. While this exploration boom was short-lived, it was successful in kick-starting production in other parts of the world. The ubiquity of surveillance cameras can be unnerving to some, as they represent diminishing privacy. 35, No. This colossal infrastructure project is a 31 mile (50 km) connection that includes bridges, tunnels, and three man-made islands. On the other side of the world, Japan is making efforts to reduce China’s share of its total rare earth imports to less than 50% by 2025. 3099067 China’s dominance in rare earths is the result of years of evolving industrial policies since the 1980s, ranging from tax rebates to export restrictions. Visualizing the Biggest Threats to Earth’s Biodiversity, How News Media is Describing the Incident at the U.S. Capitol, Ranked: The Most Valuable Nation Brands in 2020, Decoding U.S. Election Day in 9 Key Charts, View a high resolution version of this graphic. The entire province of Guangdong has about 80 million inhabitants plus an assumed 30 million migrant workers. Nov. 14, 2019, Landsat 8 (path/row 122/44) — Pearl River Delta, China In 1978, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in southern China had a population of just under 10 million. The population was scattered between several medium-sized cities on an interlacing network of rivers and streams. A number of factors also helped contribute to the meteoric rise of the region: proximity to Hong Kong’s financial sector, a world-class seaport, a huge and inexpensive labor pool, cheap and abundant land, and few regulatory impediments to rapidly growing companies. Name the cities of the China's Pearl River Delta region, ... 2019. strange that they are obscure when all but one are as big as or bigger than the top ten US cities. Population evolution in the PRD presented distinct differences from space and over time, and mainly driven by socioeconomic development. Increasing rare earth mining outside of China has reduced China’s global share of mining, down from 97.7% in 2010 to 62.9% in 2019. Rare earth deposits exist all over the planet, but the majority of the world’s rare earth metals are produced and refined in China. The blurring of the lines appears to be well underway, as more than half a million people from the city now reside in Mainland China, up from approximately 150,000 a decade ago. China’s virtual monopoly in rare earth metals not only gives it a strategic upper hand over heavily dependent countries like the U.S.—which imports 80% of its rare earths from China—but also makes the supply chain anything but reliable. Megalopolis at the Gates One physical manifestation of Mainland China’s push for an integrated region is the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge. We use cookies to improve your website experience. In order to reduce dependence on China, the U.S. and Japan have made it a priority to diversify their sources of rare earth metals. wuqijun +2. It ranked first in the new first-tier cities. View the high resolution version of today’s graphic by clicking here. To put the scale of this population clustering into perspective, here are the populations of cities within the Pearl River Delta in 2020 compared with modern-day metropolitan areas in North America and Europe: Today, this compact region has a GDP equivalent to that of South Korea. 147-163. China and India are the countries with the highest densities of CCTV surveillance cameras in urban areas. Urbanization has critical implications for … Since the world’s first CCTV camera was installed in Germany in 1942, the number of surveillance cameras around the world has grown immensely. As we close in on one billion CCTV surveillance cameras globally by the end of 2021, we will undoubtedly continue to be monitored well into the future. The Chinese capital has the highest number of CCTV cameras in total, at just over 1.1 million installed in the city. By the end of 2019, there were 3,763 enterprises with foreign investment in Guangdong's Pearl River Delta in total, among which 735 were loss-making companies. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone encompasses nearly 7000 square kilometers, 0.07 percent of China, with a population of 22 million people, 3.1 percent of the 2010 population of mainland China. Which Countries are Mapping the Ocean Floor? ... didn't even both guessing Guangzhou as in all other quizzes its population is about 70 million. Although the government has agreed in spirit to maintain the city’s autonomy until 2047, recent actions suggest an eagerness to integrate the entire region into a seamless megacity. “China will not rule out using rare earth exports as leverage to deal with the [Trade War] situation.”. So how many of us are being watched? Since the Open Door Policy was implemented in 1978, the centres of the Pearl River Delta have seen astonishing rises in population, from mere rural villages to sprawling, urban centres. With a database of 1.3 billion pictures that can be matched to a face on a CCTV camera in seconds, troublemaking citizens can easily be identified. Another Pearl River Delta municipality, Foshan, continues to grow strongly. The designation of Shenzhen and Zhuhai as SEZs was a strategic move to act as an “overflow” for businesses in Hong Kong, and the impact on the Pearl River Delta was profound and immediate. Mapped: Which Countries Have the Worst Air Pollution? In 1979, the Chinese government – led by Deng Xiaoping – created four Special Economic Zones (SEZ) with the intention of attracting foreign direct investment and encouraging private enterprise. To put the scale of this population clustering into perspective, here are the populations of cities within the Pearl River Delta in 2020 compared with modern-day metropolitan areas in North America and Europe: Today, this compact region has a GDP equivalent to that of South Korea. The annual growth rate of 1.4% is slower, however, than that of the 2000s, when Foshan grew 3.0% annually. Pearl River Delta Megalopolis. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. issues in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region. in X Ye & X Liu (eds), Cities as Spatial and Social Networks. As surveillance networks become more sophisticated and granular, there is increasing concern about breaches to personal freedoms. In the above interactive graphic, Surfshark maps out how prevalent CCTV surveillance cameras are in the world’s 130 most populous cities. On the brighter side, the increase in prices led to an influx of capital in the rare earth mining industry, financing more than 200 projects outside China. Therefore, even rare earths mined overseas are sent to China for final processing. However, there are also those that feel the presence of cameras creates added safety. Does America View Its Trade Relationships as Fair? In the two decades after Deng Xiaoping’s market reforms, the GDP of the region grow by more than 10x and urbanization – bolstered by large-scale infrastructure projects – began in earnest. Author information: (1)Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China. In dollar terms, terbium was the most expensive—generating $57.9 million from just 115 metric tons of exports. Damn you metro! Geocarto International: Vol. A travel ban was implemented for Wuhan, Hubei on Jan 23 to slow down the outbreak. World Population Growth Visualized (1950-2100). Since Dec 2019, China has experienced an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. 14/01/2019. This technology is integral to China’s proposed social points system. FIGURE 9-6 Farmland and total population, Pearl River Delta, 1980–1994. Although numerous literatures have documented the monitoring of population distributions and dynamics for socio-economic development, environmental protection, and urban planning on different scales, little attention has been paid to long-term and multi-frequency population evolution on urban agglomeration scale, especially in non-census years. Located across the Pearl River from Guangzhou, and with a subway integrated, Foshan has grown from 7.2 million to 8.2 million between 2010 and 2019. For starters, the U.S. has added rare earth metals to its list of critical minerals, and President Donald Trump recently issued an executive order to encourage local production. Xiong, L & Nijhuis, S 2019, Exploring Spatial Relationships in the Pearl River Delta. ... in both size and population, in January 2015. Here’s a closer look at the world’s top 10 cities by CCTV density. Epub 2019 Dec 6. We found a significant positive correlation between population influx from Wuhan and confirmed cases in other cities across China (R 2 = 0.85, P < 0.001), especially cities in Hubei (R 2 = 0.88, P < 0.001). The study location, Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, is ideally suited for this purpose since it is one the largest industrialized regions of China with high population and vehicular traffic (14 million and 2.3 million, respectively; Guangzhou Statistical Yearbook, 2017), thus leading to enhanced EC exposure potential for the residents. The resulting supply chain disruption was significant enough to push the EU, the U.S., and Japan to jointly launch a dispute settlement case through the World Trade Organization, which was ruled against China in 2014. Accepted author version posted online: 21 Mar 2019, Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, Monitoring population dynamics in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2010, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. The 12 urban clusters saw their share of China’s total population rise from 61.12% to 63.07% during the period from 2006 to 2015, for an increase of 1.95 percentage points. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. As the visualization above, by Time Out Hong Kong, demonstrates, the sleepy Pearl River Delta was on the cusp of an unprecedented growth spurt that would see cities expand and merge to become the largest contiguous urban region in the world. China is doubling down with surveillance in its cities by pioneering the usage and exportation of facial recognition technology. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. From smartphones and electric vehicles to x-rays and guided-missiles, several modern technologies wouldn’t be what they are without rare earth metals. In the late 1970s, the fertile river delta to the north of Hong Kong’s territory was primarily agricultural land. Monitoring population dynamics in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2010. Around 88% of China’s 2019 rare earth exports went to just five countries, which are among the world’s technological and economic powerhouses. Results indicated that the proposed approaches were feasible to optimize NTL products and simulate populations in both census (2000, 2010) and non-census (2005) years. Lanthanum, found in hybrid vehicles and smartphones, was China’s largest rare earth export by volume, followed by cerium. In most instances, cameras are in a fixed position—and some of the more invasive aspects of CCTV, like accompanying facial recognition technology, are not universal yet. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; ; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; /doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2019.1576778?needAccess=true. Print. London is the only non-Asian city to crack the list with 399 CCTV cameras per square kilometer. Although deposits of rare earth metals exist all over the world, the majority of both mining and refining occurs in China. A case in point comes from 2010 when China reduced its rare earth export quotas by 37%, which in part resulted in skyrocketing rare earth prices worldwide. The pearl river delta is just part of that province and though the 7 millions from Hong Kong add up to the PRD population, those 120 millions are just completely unrealistic. The northern sector of the Pearl River Delta is an expansive zone of industrial sprawl known informally as the factory of the world. By 2016, the Pearl River Delta accounted for 9.1% of China's GDP. Ultimately, the large majority of rare earth refining, 80%, resides in China. 14, pp. Today, the situation is markedly different. With the construction of the world-class urban agglomeration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the ES of the PRD is facing huge disturbances of population pressure and resource consumption. No.5 Chengdu. Did you know that a single iPhone contains eight different rare earth metals? 2 In the 1990s this population was estimated to be 100 million a year. The Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Jing-Jin-Ji area saw their share of China’s total population increase more rapidly, with a rise of 2.54 percentage points. 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